Name: Bruno Rodrigues Correia
Type: MSc dissertation
Publication date: 11/03/2022
Advisor:
Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| Jorge Luiz Viesenteiner | Advisor * |
Examining board:
| Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| Jorge Luiz Viesenteiner | Advisor * |
| Jorge Vanderlei Costa da Conceição | External Examiner * |
| José Renato Salatiel | Internal Examiner * |
| Ricardo Corrêa de Araujo | Internal Alternate * |
Summary: Reconciling conditions determined by nature with freedom has established itself as
one of the great classic problems of philosophy. In this horizon, the present research
proposes to explore the way that Immanuel Kant articulates the concepts of human
nature and freedom within his ethical system, discussing relations between ethics and
anthropology, considering the need for an approximation. The criteria that the German
philosopher uses to classify someone as good or bad will be discussed, emphasizing
the freedom and responsibility present in each particular action, even the worst,
possible by the performance of a moral conscience. In order to do so, the concept of
radical evil will be discussed, especially the way in which it is articulated with the
Reciprocity Thesis, as systematized by Allison, beyond to the three degrees of
disposition for good and of propensity for evil, with a special focus on these three last.
In the first degree, it will be argued that there is coherence in thinking about Allison`s
Incorporation Thesis with the problem of moral weakness, considering an incorporation
of an evil maxim. In the second, impurity, we will try to think about the supposed
contradiction that exists in Kant`s system, when sometimes it is argued in favor of
sympathetic feelings, sometimes it is vehemently rejected, in addition to the
complications imposed by the epistemological limitation on morality, which closes the
value of an action as inscrutable. About the malignancy the third degree the limit
of evil will be discussed, in view of Kant`s argument that no one desires evil for evil`s
sake.
